Improvement The Concrete Fire Resistance by Using By-Product Materials: A Review
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
The utilization of lime within the cement manufacturing procedure yields a considerable quantity of carbon dioxide emissions, thereby contributing to the phenomenon of the greenhouse effect and the subsequent escalation of global warming. To mitigate the emissions, it is imperative to employ diverse materials during the manufacturing process. Granulated blast furnace slag, a finely ground aggregate derived from the byproduct of blast furnace operations, has found significant application in the realm of concrete production. This material, obtained from the blast furnaces, has proven to be highly advantageous in enhancing the properties of concrete. This study aims to investigate the utilization of Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) as a supplementary material in concrete, serving as a partial replacement for cement. The utilization of ground grainy blast furnace slag and RHA has been found to enhance the properties of concrete and can be incorporated in concrete production without causing any adverse impact on the surrounding environment. This makes it a sustainable and eco-friendly solution. The strength degradation of high strength concrete, both during and post-fire exposure, may exhibit dissimilar behavior when compared to that of conventional strength concrete. The primary objective of this review is to examine the alterations in concrete properties after fire exposure, while also investigating the potential of GGBS and RHA in enhancing the fire resistance of concrete.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Licensed under a CC-BY license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
How to Cite
References
D. A. Crozier and J. G. Sanjayan, “Chemical and physical degradation of concrete at elevated temperatures,” Concrete in Australia, pp. 18–20, 1999.
G. Sanjayan and L. J. Stocks, “Spalling of high-strength silica fume concrete in fire,” Materials Journal, vol. 90, no. 2, pp. 170– 173, 1993.
E. Ashley, “Fire resistance of concrete structures,” National Ready Mixed Concrete Association, pp. 67–70, 2007.
D. S. Hanoon et al., “Early age assessment of cement mortar incorporated high volume fly ash,” IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 1090, no. 1, p. 012019, 2021, doi: 10.1088/1757-899x/1090/1/012019.
Z. S. Al-Khafaji et al., “Influence of High Volume RHA on Properties of Cement Mortar,” in IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, IOP Publishing, 2021, p. 12028.
M. A. Hamad et al., “Production of Ultra-High-Performance Concrete with Low Energy Consumption and Carbon Footprint Using Supplementary Cementitious Materials Instead of Silica Fume: A Review,” Energies, vol. 14, no. 24, p. 8291, 2021.
Z. S. Al-Khafaji et al., “Impact of high volume GGBS replacement and steel bar length on flexural behaviour of reinforced concrete beams,” in IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, IOP Publishing, 2021, p. 12015.
A. J. Salman, Z. F. Jawad, R. J. Ghayyib, F. A. Kareem, and Z. Alkhafaji, “Verification of Utilizing Nanowaste (Glass Waste and Fly Ash) as an Alternative to Nanosilica in Epoxy,” Energies, vol. 15, no. 18, p. 6808, 2022, doi: 10.3390/en15186808.
M. K. Umran, “Fire flame exposure effect on some mechanical properties of concrete,” Master A Thesis, College Engineering, Civil Department, Babylon University, 2002.
G. M. Habeeb, “Residual mechanical properties of high strength concrete subjected to elevated temperature,” Baghdad: AIMustansiriyah University, 2000.
G. A. Khoury, “Effect of fire on concrete and concrete structures,” Progress in structural engineering and materials, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 429–447, 2000.
M. Ismail, M. E. Ismail, and B. Muhammad, “Influence of elevated temperatures on physical and compressive strength properties of concrete containing palm oil fuel ash,” Construction and Building Materials, vol. 25, no. 5, pp. 2358–2364, 2011.
M. Li, C. Qian, and W. Sun, “Mechanical properties of highstrength concrete after fire,” Cement and concrete research, vol. 34, no. 6, pp. 1001–1005, 2004.
G. L. B. Lublóy, “REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES IN AND AFTER FIRE,” CONCRETE STRUCTURES, p. 72,
D. N. Bilow and M. E. Kamara, “Fire and concrete structures,” in Structures Congress 2008: Crossing Borders, 2008, pp. 1–10.
A. N. Givi, S. A. Rashid, F. N. A. Aziz, and M. A. M. Salleh, “Contribution of rice husk ash to the properties of mortar and concrete: a review,” Journal of American science, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 157–165, 2010.
A. R. Bodie, A. C. Micciche, G. G. Atungulu, M. J. Rothrock Jr, and S. C. Ricke, “Current trends of rice milling byproducts for agricultural applications and alternative food production systems,” Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, vol. 3, p. 47, 2019.
S. D. Nagrale, H. Hajare, and P. R. Modak, “Utilization of rice husk ash,” Carbon, vol. 2, no. 6, p. 42, 2012.
M. Hachimi, “[Use of vegetable plants and their fibres as building materials report and abstracts of a symposium].[French],” in Utilisation des Plantes et de leurs Fibres comme Materiaux de Construction de Batiments. Baghdad (Iraq). 7-9 Oct 1986., 1986.
P. K. Mehta, “Concrete. Structure, properties and materials,” 1986. [21] R. Madandoust, M. M. Ranjbar, H. A. Moghadam, and S. Y. Mousavi, “Mechanical properties and durability assessment of rice husk ash concrete,” Biosystems engineering, vol. 110, no. 2, pp. 144–152, 2011.
R. Zerbino, G. Giaccio, and G. C. Isaia, “Concrete incorporating rice-husk ash without processing,” Construction and building materials, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 371–378, 2011.
H. T. Le and H.-M. Ludwig, “Effect of rice husk ash and other mineral admixtures on properties of self-compacting high performance concrete,” Materials & Design, vol. 89, pp. 156–166, 2016.
K.-B. Park, S.-J. Kwon, and X.-Y. Wang, “Analysis of the effects of rice husk ash on the hydration of cementitious materials,” Construction and Building Materials, vol. 105, pp. 196–205, 2016.
R. Pode, “Potential applications of rice husk ash waste from rice husk biomass power plant,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 53, pp. 1468–1485, 2016.
R. Singh, M. Srivastava, and A. Shukla, “Environmental sustainability of bioethanol production from rice straw in India: a review,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 54, pp. 202–216, 2016.
M. N. Al-Khalaf and H. A. Yousif, “Use of rice husk ash in concrete,” International Journal of Cement Composites and Lightweight Concrete, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 241–248, 1984.
A. Akhtar and A. K. Sarmah, “Novel biochar-concrete composites: Manufacturing, characterization and evaluation of the mechanical properties,” Science of the total environment, vol. 616, pp. 408– 416, 2018.
C. Jd, “Concrete Technology and Design. Cement Replacement Material.” Surrey University Press, London, 1986.
R. N. Swamy, “Cement replacement materials,” 1986.
A. Bahrami et al., “Eco-fabrication of hierarchical porous silica monoliths by ice-templating of rice husk ash,” Green Chemistry, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 188–195, 2017.
M. Safiuddin, J. S. West, and K. A. Soudki, “Properties of freshly mixed self-consolidating concretes incorporating rice husk ash as a supplementary cementing material,” Construction and Building Materials, vol. 30, pp. 833–842, 2012.
M.-H. Zhang and V. M. Malhotra, “High-performance concrete incorporating rice husk ash as a supplementary cementing material,” ACI materials journal, vol. 93, pp. 629–636, 1996.
M. S. Ismail and A. M. Waliuddin, “Effect of rice husk ash on high strength concrete,” Construction and building materials, vol. 10, no. 7, pp. 521–526, 1996.
M.-H. Zhang, R. Lastra, and V. M. Malhotra, “Rice-husk ash paste and concrete: some aspects of hydration and the microstructure of the interfacial zone between the aggregate and paste,” Cement and concrete Research, vol. 26, no. 6, pp. 963–977, 1996.
M. Nehdi, J. Duquette, and A. El Damatty, “Performance of rice husk ash produced using a new technology as a mineral admixture in concrete,” Cement and concrete research, vol. 33, no. 8, pp. 1203–1210, 2003.
İ. Yüksel, R. Siddique, and Ö. Özkan, “Influence of high
temperature on the properties of concretes made with industrial byproducts as fine aggregate replacement,” Construction and building materials, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 967–972, 2011.
E. Ganjian and H. S. Pouya, “The effect of Persian Gulf tidal zone exposure on durability of mixes containing silica fume and blast furnace slag,” Construction and Building Materials, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 644–652, 2009.
V. Malagavelli and P. N. Rao, “High performance concrete with GGBS and ROBO sand,” International journal of engineering science and technology, vol. 2, no. 10, pp. 5107–5113, 2010.
M. S. Ahmed, O. Kayali, and W. Anderson, “Chloride penetration in binary and ternary blended cement concretes as measured by two different rapid methods,” Cement and Concrete Composites, vol. 30, no. 7, pp. 576–582, 2008.
A. R. Bagheri, H. Zanganeh, and M. M. Moalemi, “Mechanical and durability properties of ternary concretes containing silica fume and low reactivity blast furnace slag,” Cement and Concrete Composites, vol. 34, no. 5, pp. 663–670, 2012.
I. Netinger, M. J. Rukavina, and A. Mladenovič, “Improvement of post-fire properties of concrete with steel slag aggregate,” Procedia Engineering, vol. 62, pp. 745–753, 2013.
Q. Li, Z. Li, and G. Yuan, “Effects of elevated temperatures on properties of concrete containing ground granulated blast furnace slag as cementitious material,” Construction and Building Materials, vol. 35, pp. 687–692, 2012.
M. Uysal, K. Yilmaz, and M. Ipek, “Properties and behavior of self-compacting concrete produced with GBFS and FA additives subjected to high temperatures,” Construction and Building Materials, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 321–326, 2012.
R. Siddique and D. Kaur, “Properties of concrete containing ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) at elevated temperatures,” Journal of Advanced Research, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 45–51, 2012.
J. Xiao, M. Xie, and C. Zhang, “Residual compressive behaviour of pre-heated high-performance concrete with blast–furnace– slag,” Fire safety journal, vol. 41, no. 2, pp. 91–98, 2006.