Removal Pharmaceutical Contaminants from Water and Wastewater: a review
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
The use of pharmaceuticals is an integral part of global human health care and is used to treat diseases affecting humans and animals. However, in recent years there has been growing concern that they are present in sewage and are an environmental pollutant. Many studies refer to the toxicity and harmful effects of medicines, even at low concentrations, and it is therefore necessary to develop effective techniques for the removal of these pollutants. These studies indicate that biological treatment is not sufficient to decompose natural water and prevent contamination. Chemical processes such as advanced oxidation methods can disable, convert, or mineralize painkillers into simpler molecules and compounds. It is a very complex and costly technique that remains. For physical techniques, it is the most appropriate way to remove pharmaceuticals such as adsorption, which is the most efficient way to remove organic compounds from sewage. It is important to consider the efficiency of the removal and classification of pharmaceuticals during sewage and drinking water treatments. Analyzing view, methods capable of analyzing pharmaceuticals are explained with different efficiencies than those based on advanced biological and chemical adsorption and oxidation.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Licensed under a CC-BY license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
How to Cite
References
A. Jahanban-Esfahlan, R. Jahanban-Esfahlan, M. Tabibiazar, L. Roufegarinejad, and R. Amarowicz, "Recent advances in the use of walnut (Juglans regia L.) shell as a valuable plant-based bio-sorbent for the removal of hazardous materials," RSC advances, vol. 10, pp. 7026-7047, 2020.
R. C. Ferreira, O. Couto Junior, K. Carvalho, P. Arroyo, and M. Barros, "Effect of solution pH on the removal of paracetamol by activated carbon of dende coconut mesocarp," Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Quarterly, vol. 29, pp. 47-53, 2015.
A. Deegan, B. Shaik, K. Nolan, K. Urell, M. Oelgemöller, J. Tobin, et al., "Treatment options for wastewater effluents from pharmaceutical companies," International Journal of Environmental Science & Technology, vol. 8, pp. 649-666, 2011.
J. L. Tambosi, L. Y. Yamanaka, H. J. José, R. d. F. P. M. Moreira, and H. F. Schröder, "Recent research data on the removal of pharmaceuticals from sewage treatment plants (STP)," Química Nova, vol. 33, pp. 411-420, 2010.
P. N. Karungamye, "Methods used for removal of pharmaceuticals from wastewater: A review," Applied Journal of Environmental Engineering Science, vol. 6, pp. 6-4 (2020) 412-428, 2020.
G. McEniff, W. Schmidt, and B. Quinn, "Pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment: a short summary of current knowledge and the potential impacts on aquatic biota and humans," 2015.
Nielsen, L., & Bandosz, T. J. (2016). Chemical Engineering Journal, 287(November), 139–147.
E. Zuccato, S. Castiglioni, R. Fanelli, G. Reitano, R. Bagnati, C. Chiabrando, et al., "Pharmaceuticals in the environment in Italy: causes, occurrence, effects and control," Environmental Science and Pollution Research, vol. 13, pp. 15-21, 2006.
S. Karthikeyan, M. A. Kumar, P. Maharaja, T. Partheeban, J. Sridevi, and G. Sekaran, "Process optimization for the treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater catalyzed by poly sulpha sponge," Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, vol. 45, pp. 1739-1747, 2014.
P. Amouzgar and B. Salamatinia, "Journal of Molecular and Genetic Medicine," Journal of Molecular and Genetic, vol. 4, p. 001, 2015.
F. Mansouri, K. Chouchene, N. Roche, and M. Ksibi, "Removal of pharmaceuticals from water by adsorption and advanced oxidation processes: State of the art and trends," Applied Sciences, vol. 11, p. 6659, 2021.
M. Patel, R. Kumar, K. Kishor, T. Mlsna, C. U. Pittman Jr, and D. Mohan, "Pharmaceuticals of emerging concern in aquatic systems: chemistry, occurrence, effects, and removal methods," Chemical reviews, vol. 119, pp. 3510-3673, 2019.
A. H. Naeini and S. A. H. Moradi, "Adsorption Method for Removal of Pharmaceuticals from Wastewater," Iranian Journal of Materials Science & Engineering, vol. 20, 2023.
R. Szabó, C. Megyeri, E. Illés, K. Gajda-Schrantz, P. Mazellier, and A. Dombi, "Phototransformation of ibuprofen and ketoprofen in aqueous solutions," Chemosphere, vol. 84, pp. 1658-1663, 2011.
M. Petrovic, M. J. L. De Alda, S. Diaz-Cruz, C. Postigo, J. Radjenovic, M. Gros, et al., "Fate and removal of pharmaceuticals and illicit drugs in conventional and membrane bioreactor wastewater treatment plants and by riverbank filtration," Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, vol. 367, pp. 3979-4003, 2009.
B. Liao, A. Bokhary, L. Cui, and H. Lin, "A Review of membrane technology for integrated forest biorefinery," Journal of Membrane Science and Research, vol. 3, pp. 120-141, 2017.
B. Petrie, E. J. McAdam, M. D. Scrimshaw, J. N. Lester, and E. Cartmell, "Fate of drugs during wastewater treatment," TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, vol. 49, pp. 145-159, 2013.
A. Tauxe-Wuersch, L. F. De Alencastro, D. Grandjean, and J. Tarradellas, "Occurrence of several acidic drugs in sewage treatment plants in Switzerland and risk assessment," Water research, vol. 39, pp. 1761-1772, 2005.
C. D. Metcalfe, B. G. Koenig, D. T. Bennie, M. Servos, T. A. Ternes, and R. Hirsch, "Occurrence of neutral and acidic drugs in the effluents of Canadian sewage treatment plants," Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry: An International Journal, vol. 22, pp. 2872-2880, 2003.
B. Strenn, M. Clara, O. Gans, and N. Kreuzinger, "Carbamazepine, diclofenac, ibuprofen and bezafibrate-investigations on the behaviour of selected pharmaceuticals during wastewater treatment," Water Science and Technology, vol. 50, pp. 269-276, 2004. [21] T. A. Ternes, M. Meisenheimer, D. McDowell, F. Sacher, H.-J. Brauch, B. Haist-Gulde, et al., "Removal of pharmaceuticals during drinking water treatment," Environmental science & technology, vol. 36, pp. 3855-3863, 2002.
N. Kreuzinger, M. Clara, B. Strenn, and H. Kroiss, "Relevance of the sludge retention time (SRT) as design criteria for wastewater treatment plants for the removal of endocrine disruptors and pharmaceuticals from wastewater," Water Science and Technology, vol. 50, pp. 149-156, 2004.
G. Kooijman, M. De Kreuk, C. Houtman, and J. Van Lier, "Perspectives of coagulation/flocculation for the removal of pharmaceuticals from domestic wastewater: A critical view at experimental procedures," Journal of Water Process Engineering, vol. 34, p. 101161, 2020.
K.-J. Choi, S.-G. Kim, and S.-H. Kim, "Removal of antibiotics by coagulation and granular activated carbon filtration," Journal of hazardous materials, vol. 151, pp. 38-43, 2008.
M. C. Molina, L. F. Bautista, M. Catalá, M. R. de las Heras, P. Martínez-Hidalgo, J. San-Sebastián, et al., "From laboratory tests to the ecoremedial system: the importance of microorganisms in the recovery of PPCPs-disturbed ecosystems," Applied Sciences, vol. 10, p. 3391, 2020.
R. M. Martínez-Espinosa, "Microorganisms and their metabolic capabilities in the context of the biogeochemical nitrogen cycle at extreme environments," International journal of molecular sciences, vol. 21, p. 4228, 2020.
Y. Nancharaiah, M. Sarvajith, and T. K. Mohan, "Aerobic granular sludge," Current science, vol. 117, pp. 395-404, 2019.
O. Muter, P. Ingus, T. Selga, A. Berzins, D. Gudra, I. Radovica-Spalvina, et al., "Removal of pharmaceuticals from municipal wastewaters at laboratory scale by treatment with activated sludge and biostimulation," Science of the total environment, vol. 584, pp. 402-413, 2017.
A. Marchlewicz, D. Domaradzka, U. Guzik, and D. Wojcieszyńska, "Bacillus thuringiensis B1 (2015b) is a gram-positive bacteria able to degrade naproxen and ibuprofen," Water, air, & soil pollution, vol. 227, pp. 1-8, 2016.
K. M. Onesios, J. T. Yu, and E. J. Bouwer, "Biodegradation and removal of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in treatment systems: a review," Biodegradation, vol. 20, pp. 441-466, 2009.
F. Raza, H. Zafar, Y. Zhu, Y. Ren, A. -Ullah, A. U. Khan, et al., "A review on recent advances in stabilizing peptides/proteins upon fabrication in hydrogels from biodegradable polymers," Pharmaceutics, vol. 10, p. 16, 2018.
A. George, P. A. Shah, and P. S. Shrivastav, "Natural biodegradable polymers based nano-formulations for drug delivery: A review," International journal of pharmaceutics, vol. 561, pp. 244-264, 2019.
R. E. Neale, P. W. Barnes, T. M. Robson, P. J. Neale, C. E. Williamson, R. G. Zepp, et al., "Environmental effects of stratospheric ozone depletion, UV radiation, and interactions with climate change: UNEP Environmental Effects Assessment Panel, Update 2020," Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences, vol. 20, pp. 1-67, 2021.
N. Yasri, J. Hu, M. G. Kibria, and E. P. Roberts, "Electrocoagulation separation processes," in Multidisciplinary Advances in Efficient Separation Processes, ed: ACS Publications, 2020, pp. 167-203.
A. Aitbara, A. Khelalfa, M. Bendaia, R. Abrane, A. Amrane, and S. Hazourli, "Treatment of dairy wastewater by electrocoagulation using A-U4G (2017-Al) alloy and pure aluminum as electrode material," Euro-Mediterranean Journal for Environmental Integration, vol. 6, pp. 1-10, 2021.
T. K. Dey, M. E. Uddin, and M. Jamal, "Detection and removal of microplastics in wastewater: evolution and impact," Environmental Science and Pollution Research, vol. 28, pp. 16925-16947, 2021.
B. M. B. Ensano, L. Borea, V. Naddeo, V. Belgiorno, M. D. G. De Luna, and F. C. Ballesteros Jr, "Removal of pharmaceuticals from wastewater by intermittent electrocoagulation," Water, vol. 9, p. 85, 2017.
E. Nariyan, A. Aghababaei, and M. Sillanpää, "Removal of pharmaceutical from water with an electrocoagulation process; effect of various parameters and studies of isotherm and kinetic," Separation and Purification Technology, vol. 188, pp. 266-281, 2017.
M. Yoosefian, S. Ahmadzadeh, M. Aghasi, and M. Dolatabadi, "Optimization of electrocoagulation process for efficient removal of ciprofloxacin antibiotic using iron electrode; kinetic and isotherm studies of adsorption," Journal of Molecular Liquids, vol. 225, pp. 544-553, 2017.
R. Shokri, R. Jalilzadeh Yengejeh, A. A. Babaei, E. Derikvand, and A. Almasi, "Removal of azithromycin from wastewater using advanced oxidation processes (UV/H2O2) and moving-bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) by the response surface methodology (RSM)," Journal of Advances in Environmental Health Research, vol. 7, pp. 249-259, 2019.
F. Gashtasbi, R. J. Yengejeh, and A. A. Babaei, "Photocatalysis assisted by activated-carbon-impregnated magnetite composite for removal of cephalexin from aqueous solution," Korean journal of chemical engineering, vol. 35, pp. 1726-1734, 2018.
F. Gashtasbi, R. J. Yengejeh, and A. A. Babaei, "Adsorption of vancomycin antibiotic from aqueous solution using an activated carbon impregnated magnetite composite," Desalination and water treatment, vol. 88, pp. 286-297, 2017.
K. Ikehata, N. Jodeiri Naghashkar, and M. Gamal El-Din, "Degradation of aqueous pharmaceuticals by ozonation and advanced oxidation processes: a review," Ozone: Science and Engineering, vol. 28, pp. 353-414, 2006.
W. Aloulou, H. Aloulou, A. Jadda, S. Chakraborty, and R. B. Amar, "Characterization of an asymmetric ultrafiltration membrane prepared from TiO 2-smectite nanocomposites doped with commercial TiO 2 and its application to the treatment of textile wastewater," Euro-Mediterranean Journal for Environmental Integration, vol. 5, pp. 1-9, 2020.
J. Borràs-Ferrís, R. Sánchez-Tovar, E. Blasco-Tamarit, M. J. Muñoz-Portero, R. M. Fernández-Domene, and J. García-Antón, "TiO2 nanostructures for photoelectrocatalytic degradation of acetaminophen," Nanomaterials, vol. 9, p. 583, 2019.
A. Gómez-Avilés, M. Peñas-Garzón, J. Bedia, D. Dionysiou, J. Rodríguez, and C. Belver, "Mixed Ti-Zr metal-organic-frameworks for the photodegradation of acetaminophen under solar irradiation," Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, vol. 253, pp. 253-262, 2019.
N. Jallouli, L. M. Pastrana-Martínez, A. R. Ribeiro, N. F. Moreira, J. L. Faria, O. Hentati, et al., "Heterogeneous photocatalytic degradation of ibuprofen in ultrapure water, municipal and pharmaceutical industry wastewaters using a TiO2/UV-LED system," Chemical Engineering Journal, vol. 334, pp. 976-984, 2018.
Y. He, N. B. Sutton, H. H. Rijnaarts, and A. A. Langenhoff, "Degradation of pharmaceuticals in wastewater using immobilized TiO2 photocatalysis under simulated solar irradiation," Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, vol. 182, pp. 132-141, 2016.
A. Silva, P. Martins, S. Teixeira, S. Carabineiro, K. Kuehn, G. Cuniberti, et al., "Ciprofloxacin wastewater treated by UVA photocatalysis: Contribution of irradiated TiO 2 and ZnO nanoparticles on the final toxicity as assessed by Vibrio fischeri," RSC advances, vol. 6, pp. 95494-95503, 2016.
A. Monteoliva-García, J. Martín-Pascual, M. Muñío, and J. Poyatos, "Removal of carbamazepine, ciprofloxacin and ibuprofen in real urban wastewater by using light-driven advanced oxidation processes," International journal of environmental science and technology, vol. 16, pp. 6005-6018, 2019.
I. R. Bautitz and R. F. P. Nogueira, "Degradation of tetracycline by photo-Fenton process—Solar irradiation and matrix effects," Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, vol. 187, pp. 33-39, 2007.
A. G. Trovó, S. A. S. Melo, and R. F. P. Nogueira, "Photodegradation of the pharmaceuticals amoxicillin, bezafibrate and paracetamol by the photo-Fenton process—application to sewage treatment plant effluent," Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, vol. 198, pp. 215-220, 2008.
M. L. Tran, C.-C. Fu, and R.-S. Juang, "Removal of metronidazole and amoxicillin mixtures by UV/TiO2 photocatalysis: an insight into degradation pathways and performance improvement," Environmental Science and Pollution Research, vol. 26, pp. 11846-11855, 2019.
E. S. Elmolla and M. Chaudhuri, "Degradation of amoxicillin, ampicillin and cloxacillin antibiotics in aqueous solution by the UV/ZnO photocatalytic process," Journal of hazardous materials, vol. 173, pp. 445-449, 2010.
Q. Chen, L. Chen, J. Qi, Y. Tong, Y. Lv, C. Xu, et al., "Photocatalytic degradation of amoxicillin by carbon quantum dots modified K2Ti6O13 nanotubes: Effect of light wavelength," Chinese Chemical Letters, vol. 30, pp. 1214-1218, 2019.
P. Calza, V. Sakkas, C. Medana, C. Baiocchi, A. Dimou, E. Pelizzetti, et al., "Photocatalytic degradation study of diclofenac over aqueous TiO2 suspensions," Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, vol. 67, pp. 197-205, 2006.
M. Valari, A. Antoniadis, D. Mantzavinos, and I. Poulios, "Photocatalytic reduction of Cr (VI) over titania suspensions," Catalysis Today, vol. 252, pp. 190-194, 2015.
R. F. Dantas, M. Canterino, R. Marotta, C. Sans, S. Esplugas, and R. Andreozzi, "Bezafibrate removal by means of ozonation: Primary intermediates, kinetics, and toxicity assessment," Water Research, vol. 41, pp. 2525-2532, 2007.
Y. Zhao, J. Kuang, S. Zhang, X. Li, B. Wang, J. Huang, et al., "Ozonation of indomethacin: kinetics, mechanisms and toxicity," Journal of hazardous materials, vol. 323, pp. 460-470, 2017.
M. N. Rashed, "Adsorption technique for the removal of organic pollutants from water and wastewater," Organic pollutants-monitoring, risk and treatment, vol. 7, pp. 167-194, 2013.
O. Odubiyi, A. Awoyale, and A. Eloka-Eboka, "Wastewater treatment with activated charcoal produced from cocoa pod husk," Int. J. Environ. Bioener, vol. 4, pp. 162-175, 2012.
Y. Önal, C. Akmil-Başar, and Ç. Sarıcı-Özdemir, "Elucidation of the naproxen sodium adsorption onto activated carbon prepared from waste apricot: kinetic, equilibrium and thermodynamic characterization," Journal of Hazardous Materials, vol. 148, pp. 727-734, 2007.
S. Mondal, S. Patel, and S. K. Majumder, "Bio-extract assisted in-situ green synthesis of Ag-RGO nanocomposite film for enhanced naproxen removal," Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, vol. 37, pp. 274-289, 2020.
D. Z. Husein, R. Hassanien, and M. F. Al-Hakkani, "Green-synthesized copper nano-adsorbent for the removal of pharmaceutical pollutants from real wastewater samples," Heliyon, vol. 5, 2019.
H. Guedidi, L. Reinert, Y. Soneda, N. Bellakhal, and L. Duclaux, "Adsorption of ibuprofen from aqueous solution on chemically surface-modified activated carbon cloths," Arabian Journal of Chemistry, vol. 10, pp. S3584-S3594, 2017.
K. Jafari, M. Heidari, and O. Rahmanian, "Wastewater treatment for Amoxicillin removal using magnetic adsorbent synthesized by ultrasound process," Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, vol. 45, pp. 248-256, 2018.
T. Thiebault, M. Boussafir, L. Fougère, E. Destandau, L. Monnin, and C. Le Milbeau, "Clay minerals for the removal of pharmaceuticals: Initial investigations of their adsorption properties in real wastewater effluents," Environmental nanotechnology, monitoring & management, vol. 12, p. 100266, 2019.
K. Styszko, K. Nosek, M. Motak, and K. Bester, "Preliminary selection of clay minerals for the removal of pharmaceuticals, bisphenol A and triclosan in acidic and neutral aqueous solutions," Comptes Rendus. Chimie, vol. 18, pp. 1134-1142, 2015.
C. Peiris, S. R. Gunatilake, T. E. Mlsna, D. Mohan, and M. Vithanage, "Biochar based removal of antibiotic sulfonamides and tetracyclines in aquatic environments: a critical review," Bioresource Technology, vol. 246, pp. 150-159, 2017.
J. Wang and S. Wang, "Preparation, modification and environmental application of biochar: A review," Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 227, pp. 1002-1022, 2019.
N. Hilal, H. Al-Zoubi, N. Darwish, A. Mohamma, and M. A. Arabi, "A comprehensive review of nanofiltration membranes: Treatment, pretreatment, modelling, and atomic force microscopy," Desalination, vol. 170, pp. 281-308, 2004.
R. Rienzie, S. Ramanayaka, and N. M. Adassooriya, "Nanotechnology applications for the removal of environmental contaminants from pharmaceuticals and personal care products," in Pharmaceuticals and personal care products: waste management and treatment technology, ed: Elsevier, 2019, pp. 279-296.
A. Cincinelli, T. Martellini, E. Coppini, D. Fibbi, and A. Katsoyiannis, "Nanotechnologies for removal of pharmaceuticals and personal care products from water and wastewater. A review," Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology, vol. 15, pp. 3333-3347, 2015.
S. Iravani, "Nanomaterials and nanotechnology for water treatment: recent advances," Inorganic and Nano-Metal Chemistry, vol. 51, pp. 1615-1645, 2021.
J.-F. Li, Z.-L. Xu, H. Yang, L.-Y. Yu, and M. Liu, "Effect of TiO2 nanoparticles on the surface morphology and performance of microporous PES membrane," Applied Surface Science, vol. 255, pp. 4725-4732, 2009.
W. Xiong, Z. Zeng, X. Li, G. Zeng, R. Xiao, Z. Yang, et al., "Multi-walled carbon nanotube/amino-functionalized MIL-53 (Fe) composites: remarkable adsorptive removal of antibiotics from aqueous solutions," Chemosphere, vol. 210, pp. 1061-1069, 2018.
C.-Y. Chang, J.-S. Chang, S. Vigneswaran, and J. Kandasamy, "Pharmaceutical wastewater treatment by membrane bioreactor process–a case study in southern Taiwan," Desalination, vol. 234, pp. 393-401, 2008.
J. Ji, A. Kakade, Z. Yu, A. Khan, P. Liu, and X. Li, "Anaerobic membrane bioreactors for treatment of emerging contaminants: A review," Journal of Environmental Management, vol. 270, p. 110913, 2020.
M. Prado, L. Borea, A. Cesaro, H. Liu, V. Naddeo, V. Belgiorno, et al., "Removal of emerging contaminant and fouling control in membrane bioreactors by combined ozonation and sonolysis," International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, vol. 119, pp. 577-586, 2017.
R. M. Sterritt, M. J. Brown, and J. N. Lester, "Metal removal by adsorption and precipitation in the activated sludge process," Environmental Pollution Series A, Ecological and Biological, vol. 24, pp. 313-323, 1981.
D. Mousel, D. Bastian, J. Firk, L. Palmowski, and J. Pinnekamp, "Removal of pharmaceuticals from wastewater of health care facilities," Science of the Total Environment, vol. 751, p. 141310, 2021.
M. Clara, B. Strenn, O. Gans, E. Martinez, N. Kreuzinger, and H. Kroiss, "Removal of selected pharmaceuticals, fragrances and endocrine disrupting compounds in a membrane bioreactor and conventional wastewater treatment plants," Water research, vol. 39, pp. 4797-4807, 2005.
M. Kim, P. Guerra, A. Shah, M. Parsa, M. Alaee, and S. Smyth, "Removal of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in a membrane bioreactor wastewater treatment plant," Water science and technology, vol. 69, pp. 2221-2229, 2014.
J. Wang and C. Chen, "Biosorbents for heavy metals removal and their future," Biotechnology advances, vol. 27, pp. 195-226, 2009.
D. Friedmann, C. Mendive, and D. Bahnemann, "TiO2 for water treatment: parameters affecting the kinetics and mechanisms of photocatalysis," Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, vol. 99, pp. 398-406, 2010.