A Comprehensive Review of the Structural Behavior and Design of Reinforced Concrete Dapped-End Beams
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Abstract
This paper offers a thorough review of the behavior and design of non-prestressed reinforced concrete dapped-end beams (RC-DEBs). Often used in precast construction for their architectural and structural benefits, dapped ends feature geometric discontinuities interrupting the natural flow of internal stresses. Consequently, traditional design methods often struggle to accurately capture the complex stress patterns that develop in these areas. Based on experimental investigations from 1979 to 2024, the review emphasizes key factors like shear span-to-depth ratio (a/d), concrete compressive strength, hanger reinforcement arrangement, and detailing practices, all of which significantly affect structural performance. A common failure mode involves diagonal tension cracking at the re-entrant corner, especially in short-span DEBs where shear-compression interaction is predominant. The review examines various analytical models, such as the Strut-and-Tie Method (STM), To improve the design of shear-end beams, theories such as shear-friction theory and softened truss-based approaches provide powerful analytical frameworks. Strengthening methods using steel fiber-reinforced concrete and externally bonded CFRP sheets have demonstrated significant improvements in shear capacity and post-cracking ductility. The paper concludes with practical design recommendations, including the use of inclined reinforcement, ensuring sufficient anchorage detailing, and applying performance-based analysis to enhance accuracy and safety. Finally, the paper outlines paths for future studies, highlighting the importance of developing nonlinear modeling and hybrid retrofitting strategies specifically designed for disturbed regions in dapped-end beams.
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