The Uses of Lightweight Material in Civil Engineering : A Review
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Abstract
A lightweight aggregate (LWA) is a group of aggregates with a relative density lower than normal density aggregates (natural sand, gravel, and crushed stone), sometimes referred to as low density aggregate. It is utilized for its reduced weight and exceptional qualities in sound reduction, fire resistance, insulation, and geotechnical applications LWA, or lightweight aggregate, is a cutting-edge construction material that is employed to decrease the overall weight of tall structures. Despite being lighter, it possesses a strength that is comparable to that of regular concrete. In recent times, there has been a significant surge in the use of lightweight aggregate in the field of building, mostly because of its exceptional performance in seismic situations. In addition, substituting natural aggregate with other industrial by-products and trash enables us to minimize the adverse environmental consequences. Laser wavelength ablation (LWA) has also been employed to address a wide range of geotechnical engineering challenges, including the transformation of soft and unstable soil into a suitable and usable property. Lightweight fillings have a weight that is around 50% less than fills made using typical materials. The load reduction, along with the high internal friction angle of the lightweight aggregate, can decrease vertical and lateral pressures by almost 50%, potentially resulting in less settling. This literature study examines the use of lightweight materials, including LECA, Bonza, and Thermostone, in geotechnical engineering applications. The results demonstrate a significant emphasis on improving slope stability and minimizing stresses on susceptible soils. Nevertheless, several knowledge gaps exist regarding the efficacy of these materials under challenging conditions and when subjected to dynamic loads. A growing inclination towards using these lightweight aggregates is observed because of their advantageous environmental and mechanical properties. Further investigation is needed to examine the extended-term performance and interactions of these materials with different soil types in order to enhance their performance in diverse geotechnical situations.
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