Phytoremediation of Oil Pollutants: Sustainable Soil and Water Techniques in Industrial Environments: A Review
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Abstract
Oil contamination is one of the most significant environmental problems in recent times. By harnessing the ability of some plants to absorb and decompose petroleum hydrocarbons in water and soil, phytoremediation has become a low-cost, effective, and sustainable technique for removing these contaminants. This study investigated phytoremediation methods, the kinds of plants utilized, and the mechanisms between plants and contaminants, as well as an overview of research and development opportunities in this field and the practical and technical challenges facing it. It also assesses the potential of by means of local plants to remediate petroleum hydrocarbons present in wastewater and highlights successful field studies, especially in fields similar to Iraq. The study also provides many suggestions and treatments to improve this method and integrate it with other methods, such as biostimulation and bacterial support, to increase its effectiveness. The results support the idea that cleaning the petroleum refinery effluents in developing countries using plant treatment is a sustainable, practical, and inexpensive solution. By restoring the deteriorating areas and reducing dependence on expensive traditional technologies and risks, sustainable development goals can be achieved by adopting this technology. Phytoremediation can be considered a successful, effective, and inexpensive strategy for dealing with petroleum refinery wastewater pollution and restoring ecological balance through support for applied studies and research.
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