Steel Tubes Filled by Concrete Under Flexural and Compression: A Review
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Abstract
This study examined the development and efficacy of steel-concrete composite structures, highlighting their use in contemporary building. Initially, composite beams depended on the bond between steel and non-structural concrete to provide fire resistance. Advancements in concrete characteristics and fire-resistant coatings enabled the creation of new designs, including partially encased beams and composite slabs with shear connectors, which markedly improved structural efficiency and flexibility. The analysis emphasized the enhanced flexural and axial performance of steel tube filled and enclosed by concrete (STFEC) beams and columns relative to traditional reinforced concrete or hollow steel components. Crucial elements including steel yield strength, concrete strength, and confinement effects were recognized as essential for performance enhancement,with augmented steel tube thickness and concrete strength improving flexural capacity and ductility. The encasement offered by steel tubes was seen to enhance the mechanical properties of core concrete, diminishing local buckling and augmenting strength. Finite element analysis was confirmed as a dependable method for forecasting steel tube filled by concrete (STFC) behavior, augmenting design code recommendations, which were found to be conservative. The study emphasized technologies such as the utilization of recycled materials and self-stressing concrete to enhance sustainability and cost-effectiveness while maintaining performance standards. Failure mechanisms were mostly linked to material yielding, localized buckling, or a combination of compression and bending. The results validated the appropriateness of steel tube filled and enclosed by concrete (STFEC) structures for applications requiring great strength and durability, such as high-rise edifices, bridges, and seismic regions.
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