Stabilization of Expansive Soils Using Slag cement
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Abstract
The expansive nature of certain soil types poses severe and potential risks in the field of geotechnical engineering because of their propensity to swell and retain water. This often results in the detrimental structural damage of pavements, retention systems, and even the foundations of the systems themselves. In the last several decades, the use of soil stabilization to minimize the negative aspects of expansive soils has gained prominence. The use of conventional binders like lime, fly-ash, and cement has been predominant due to the staggering improvement in compressibility, shear strength, and bearing capacity of the stabilized soil. However, the more concerning issues caused by these materials in sulfate-rich conditions and the CO2 emissions have motivated the world to research and find more sustainable options. GGBS (Ground Granulated Blast-furnace Slag) was the first stabilizer to be truly ‘green’, and it has surpassed all other stabilizers, be it lime, cement, or any other blended additive, in performance. GGBS has fantastic performance. There has been an increase in research on sulfate attack and heave, and the reason is clear. Its stabilizing properties as a CSH (Calcium Silicate Hydrate) and ettringite, durable and sustainable, are admirable. The incorporation of strategic hybrid binders or nanomaterials has further advanced microstructural soil engineering.
This review integrates the most recent and pertinent advances in the field of expansive soil stabilization. It evaluates the mechanisms, effectiveness and the drawbacks of lime, cement and slag systems. The systems are further evaluated and compared on the basis of their engineering values and environmental costs. The lime, cement, and slag systems will be compared in engineering values and the environmental costs. The works then highlight the gaps in the field and suggest areas for further research, in particular the improvement of slag-based binders and the use of nanotechnology for treating expansive soil.
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