A Concise Review on Zeolite-Supported Catalysts for the Transesterification of Algal Lipids into Biodiesel
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Abstract
The fossil fuel stocks around the world were still declining, consequently, there has been a trend towards biofuels as an alternative energy source. Therefore, zeolite-based catalysts when used for efficient transesterification of algal lipids into biodiesel were conceder a critical area of research aimed at optimizing the conversion of algal lipids-a rich source of renewable energy-into biodiesel, a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels. Transesterification of vegetable oils and animal fats using homogeneous bases and acids to produce biodiesel is no longer regarded sustainable due to food compared to fuel competition, as well as environmental and economic challenges with feed stocks and catalyst systems. This review provided a comprehensive analysis of the potential of inedible oil like algae oil to produce biodiesel utilizing heterogeneous zeolite-based catalysts, utilizing heterogeneous zeolite-based catalysts. Zeolites are among the most diverse and significant types of heterogeneous catalysts and are suited for both laboratory and industrial applications. This review investigates the catalytic efficacy, recent advances, and future potential of zeolite-based catalysts in biodiesel production from algal lipids. Their unique properties, coupled with ongoing research to overcome existing challenges, underscore their potential role in fostering sustainable energy solutions and enhancing the efficiency of biodiesel synthesis.
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