Reliability and safety evaluation of selected road facilities: A review Paper
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Increasing traffic demand, rapid urbanization, and infrastructure limitations have intensified the need for integrated approaches to evaluate road performance. Traditional assessment methods often treat operational efficiency and safety independently, overlooking the influence of uncertainty in demand and capacity. This paper presents a comprehensive review of reliability concepts in transportation systems, with particular emphasis on capacity reliability and its relationship to road safety performance. The review synthesizes developments in connectivity reliability, travel-time reliability, and capacity reliability, highlighting methodological differences and practical applications. Capacity estimation approaches, demand forecasting models, the Level of Service of Safety (LOSS), and Crash Modification Factors (CMFs) are critically examined to establish a unified perspective for performance evaluation. The study identifies gaps in linking probabilistic capacity analysis with safety performance assessment and emphasizes the importance of integrating demand–capacity variability into safety evaluation frameworks. The paper provides a structured foundation for developing reliability-based decision-support tools aimed at enhancing both operational stability and road safety, particularly in urban networks facing fluctuating traffic conditions
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