Effect of Geotextile and Tack Coat Type on Asphalt Concrete Performance: A Review
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Abstract
The bonding between asphalt concrete layers in flexible pavement is a crucial parameter affecting the mechanical properties of asphalt pavement, mainly influencing stress distribution, structural framework, and mechanisms of distresses resistance. The current study exhibits a comprehensive review of the combined impact of tack coat materials and geotextile interlayers on the performance properties of asphalt concrete, with highlighting Interlayer Shear Strength (ISS), fracture resistance, and durability. Many tack coat types including conventional emulsions, cutback asphalts, hot asphalt binders, trackless systems, and polymer-modified emulsions were assessed by previous studies. The outcomes indicated that trackless and modified with polymer tack coats enhanced ISS by approximately 20 to 50% as compared to conventional emulsions, while epoxy-modified systems demonstrated superior performance especially at high temperatures. Geotextile interlayers substantially improved pavement properties, raising load-carrying capacity by up to 116%, stiffness by 25–31%, and fatigue life by up to four times (Traffic Benefit Ratio (TBR) approximately equals to 4). In addition, reductions of about 25 to 96% in rutting and 28.6 to 74.8% in strain were reported, based on the location of geotextile in the pavement. Geotextiles also minimized the crack propagation by absorbing around 15% of induced stresses, leading to 2 to 3 times increase in asphalt pavement durability. The contact between tack coat and geotextile in pavement is considered a key design factor. Based on the previous studies, the optimum application rates of tack coat typically ranged from 0.6 to 1.2 L/m², corresponding to around 100 to 125% of the geotextile asphalt retention capacity. Excessive amounts can reduce the ISS because of lubrication effects. Furthermore, saturation of geotextiles can enhance moisture resistance by reducing permeability by up to three times. Despite these results, further research is necessary to develop integrated design methods under differing field conditions.
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