Numerical and Design Study of Beehive in Building for Thermal Storage During Hours of Absence of Solar Radiation
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This study investigates the numerical and design performance of Phase Change Materials (PCMs) embedded in a beehive structure within building envelopes for thermal energy storage during periods without solar radiation. Using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations in ANSYS Fluent, the study examines how the PCM system stabilizes indoor temperatures and improves energy efficiency. The research focuses on three months: January, November, and December, in Baghdad, Iraq, where diurnal solar radiation variations and temperature patterns are prevalent. Results reveal that the PCM-enhanced structure effectively absorbs heat during peak solar radiation hours, with solar radiation peaking at 574 W/m² in January, 596 W/m² in November, and 557 W/m² in December. The heat storage and release ability of the PCM keep up the interior temperature at its maximum of 309.96K and 310.04 K in Jan and Nov and 309.23 K in Dec with slightly less drop in the evening. The heat transfer coefficient was maximum in November 11.37 W/m²·K, while the PCM mass fractions showed significant phase change and the maximum value 0.425 in November. The thermal efficiency of the system was highest in November at 68.23% and also fluctuates slightly in the other remaining months. This study suggests that PCM systems, especially with the beehive structure, additionally improve isothermal stability and energy densities of the buildings in the changing climate, which is cost-effective and a more environmentally friendly strategy for regulating heating and cooling requirements.
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