Improvement of Compressibility Characteristics of Soft Clay Soil Stabilized with Fly Ash and Nano-Silica Fume
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Abstract
Soft clay soils exhibit high compressibility and low shear strength, leading to excessive settlement and serious geotechnical challenges. This study evaluates the effectiveness of fly ash and nano-silica fume in improving the compressibility characteristics of soft clay soil obtained from the Siba gas field, Basrah Governorate, Iraq. The additives were mixed with the soil at proportions of 1.5%, 2.5%, 3.5%, and 4.5% by dry weight. One-dimensional consolidation tests were performed on untreated and treated samples to determine changes in the compression index (Cc), swelling index (Cr), coefficient of volume change (mv), and coefficient of compressibility (av). The results indicate a substantial reduction in Cc and Cr with increasing additive content, reflecting enhanced resistance to compressive deformation. Nano-silica fume showed superior performance compared to fly ash due to its finer particle size and higher pozzolanic activity. The optimum improvement was achieved at an additive content of 4.5%. The findings demonstrate that both additives, particularly nano-silica fume, provide an efficient and sustainable solution for mitigating the compressibility of soft clay soils.
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